sexta-feira, 29 de fevereiro de 2008

PLANEAMENTO FISCAL ABUSIVO

Entra em vigor no próximo dia 15 de Maio o Decreto-Lei n.º 29/2008 sobre planeamento fiscal abusivo. Sobre este assunto já havia publicado este post.

domingo, 17 de fevereiro de 2008

NOVO TRABALHO

Na secção de "Trabalhos do Blogger" foi adicionado um novo documento onde é feita uma análise do Acórdão do Supremo Tribunal Administrativo, proferido em 2007-01-24, relacionado com a temática dos ajustamentos para cobranças duvidosas.

quarta-feira, 6 de fevereiro de 2008

QUALIDADE DA AUDITORIA

O Financial Reporting Council (Reino Unido) acabou de publicar o seu quadro ("framework") conceptual para a qualidade da auditoria que pode ser consultado aqui.

O quadro conceptual (na mesma linha do Professor Hernani Carqueja entendemos que o substantivo "quadro" é uma melhor aproximação para "framework" do que o substantivo "estrutura") assenta nas premissas de que existem indutores ("drivers") diversos da qualidade da auditoria, devendo a avaliação ser feita ao nível das características desses indutores.

Os indutores são: a cultura da empresa de auditoria; as competências e qualidades pessoais dos ROC's ("audit partners") e do pessoal técnico de apoio; a eficácia do processo de auditoria; a fiabilidade e a utilidade do relatório de auditoria/certificação legal de contas e factores não controláveis pelos ROC's que afectam a qualidade da auditoria/revisão legal de contas.

sábado, 12 de janeiro de 2008

COOPERAÇÃO EM ACÇÃO

Não resisto a transcrever a seguinte comunicação do Internal Revenue Service (IR-2008-007), a qual encerra um modelo bastante evoluído de como se materializa a cooperação entre os diferentes interessados na aplicação das políticas e legislação tributária:

"IRS Picks 20 New Advisory Committee Members

The Internal Revenue Service announced the selection of 20 new members of the Information Reporting Program Advisory Committee (IRPAC), which provides an organized public forum for discussion of relevant tax administration issues between IRS officials and representatives of the public.

“The new members of IRPAC will contribute to this important group their years of experience and depth of understanding about tax administration,” said Linda Stiff, Acting IRS Commissioner. "I look forward to working with IRPAC as it continues to provide the IRS with valued feedback and insight."

The 20 new IRPAC members will join 14 returning members in 2008. IRPAC members generally serve a three-year term and are picked to represent the financial, payroll, and software industries, the state tax administrations, colleges and universities and tax professionals.

IRPAC was established in 1991 in response to a recommendation in the final Conference Report of the Omnibus budget Reconciliation Act of 1989. IRPAC meets periodically and will submit a report to the IRS in October 2008 at a public meeting.

New members include:

Mark Castro, CPA, of Bellevue, Wash. He is a Tax Support Manager with Orrtax Software Solutions and a member of the National Association of Computerized Tax Processors and the Council for Electronic Revenue Communication Advancement.

Lisa M. Chavez, CPA, JD of Chicago, Ill. She is a Senior Attorney in the Corporate Legal department of the Northern Trust Company and is a member of the American Bar Association, the Hispanic Lawyers Association of Illinois and the American Bankers Association.

Conrad Davis, CPA, CFE, of Sacramento, Calif. He is a partner in the firm of Ueltzen & Company, LLP and is a member of AICPA, California Society of Certified Public Accountants and the National Society of Accountants for Cooperatives.

Thomas DeGeorgio, CPA of Houston, Tex. He is the Deputy Head US Tax, Director of Tax Assurance and Operations for Shell Oil Company and is a member of the Tax Executives Institute, AICPA and the Texas society of CPAs.

Teresa K. Douglass, CPA, JD, LLM of Kansas City, Mo. She is the Industry Operations Manager for H&R Block’s World Headquarters and is a member of the Missouri Bar Committees of taxation, probate and trust law and elder law and the Missouri Society of Certified Public Accountants.

James Driver of Frankfort, Ky. He is the State Social Security Program Manager for Kentucky and is a member of the National Conference of State Social Security Administrators.

William H. Frazier, ASA of Dallas, Tex. He is the Senior Managing Director and owner of Howard Frazier Barker Elliott, Inc. and a member of the American Society of Appraisers.

Lonnie Gary, EA of Mountain View, Calif. He is a Director of RSM McGladrey and member of the National association of Enrolled Agents, the California Society of Enrolled Agents and the East Bay Association of Enrolled Agents.

Larry Gray, CPA of Rolla, Mo. He is owner and partner of AGC-Alfermann, Gray & Co. and member of the National Association of Tax Professionals, AICPA, the National Society of Accountants, the Missouri Society of Certified Public Accountants, the National Association of State Board of Accountancy and the Missouri State board of Accountancy.

Karen L. Hawkins, JD of Oakland, Calif. She is an Attorney with Taggart & Hawkins, PC and a member of the American Bar Association, Tax Section.

Philip Kirchner, of Green Bay, Wis. He is Director of Product Development at Greatland Corporation and member of the National Association of Computerized Tax Processors.

Ronald Larson, JD of Sun City, Ariz. He is an attorney with Larson & Lang, PC and is a member and past president of the National Society of Tax Professionals (NSTP).

Stephen M. LeRoux of St. Cloud, Minn. He is an IRA Consultant with Wolters Kluwer Financial Services.

Joan Le Valley, EA of Park Ridge, Ill. She is the owner of J C L and Company and is a member of the National Society of Accountants.

Constance Logan, CPA, JD of Stockton, Calif. She is a Senior Tax Manager with Iacopi, Lenz & Company and a member of the California Society of Certified Public Accountants.

Barbara McArthur, CPA of Detroit, Mich. She is a Vice President, Manager, Tax Planning and Analysis with Comerica Incorporated. She is a member of the American Bankers Association, the Michigan Association of Certified Public Accountants, Information Reporting Roundtable, Tax Reporting Institute Advisory Board, and SE Michigan Multi-State Tax Executive Roundtable.

Mark Naretti of New York. He is the Director, Information Reporting Practice with KPMG LLP.

Paula D. Porpilia, JD of Great Cacapon, W.Va. She is Principal, TIN Compliance Consultants and has been admitted to the District of Columbia Bar.

Susan P. Segar, JD of Washington, D.C. She is a Partner with Burt, Staples, & Maner LLP.

Brian Yacker, CPA, JD of Los Angeles, Calif. He is a Partner with Green Hasson & Janks and a member of the American Association of Attorney/CPAs"

sexta-feira, 28 de dezembro de 2007

PLANEAMENTO FISCAL: DEVER DE COMUNICAÇÃO

No Conselho de Ministros de 2007-12-27 foi aprovado um Decreto-Lei que estabelece deveres de comunicação, informação e esclarecimento à administração tributária para prevenir e combater o planeamento fiscal abusivo.

Certamente que da aplicação deste decreto-lei resultará a criação de uma página na Internet como esta aqui.

Aproveito para desejar um excelente ano de 2008.

quinta-feira, 20 de dezembro de 2007

SER "BUFO" FISCAL COMPENSA (NOS EUA)

O IRS (Internal Revenue Service) publicou no dia 19 de Dezembro o seguinte (IR-2007-201):

"Since the Whistleblower Office was created in December 2006, the IRS has received about 80 claims, half of those submitted in just the last two and a half months. To make a claim, an informant must file new Form 211, Application for Award for Original Information, which asks informants to provide an estimate of the tax owed, the pertinent facts in the case and an explanation of how the informant obtained the information.
The IRS’ Whistleblower Office will make the final determination about whether an award will be paid and the amount of the award for claims that it processes. Awards will be paid in proportion to the value of information furnished voluntarily with respect to proceeds collected.
Under the new procedures, the amount of award will be at least 15%, but no more than 30%, of the collected proceeds in cases in which the IRS determines that the information submitted by the informant substantially contributed to the collection of tax. The award percentage may be reduced in some circumstances, which are described in IRS guidance.
To be eligible for an award under the new procedures, the tax, penalties, interest, additions to tax, and additional amounts in dispute must exceed $2 million for any taxable year and, if the taxpayer is an individual, the individual’s gross income must exceed $200,000 for any taxable year in question.
All awards will be subject to normal tax reporting and withholding requirements."

Sendo os Estados Unidos um país a partir do qual se projectam na Europa situações semelhantes (veja-se por exemplo os novos modelos de estrututa e organização das sociedades, em que o nosso ordenamento jurídico admite uma modalidade claramente importada - a possibilidade de existência de uma Comissão de Auditoria com determinadas características), teremos que aguardar desenvolvimentos nesta matéria, que poderá ser anunciada como uma medida de combate à fraude e evasão (ilícita) fiscais.

Já sabe, se conhecer nos EUA alguma empresa ou particular que não paga os impostos devidos tem aqui o formulário que o/a pode tornar rico/a.

terça-feira, 18 de dezembro de 2007

sábado, 10 de novembro de 2007

FISCO

Afinal, o FISCO está aqui!

sábado, 27 de outubro de 2007

CONFERÊNCIA

Talvez em Portugal as entidades competentes devessem organizar conferências do género desta

sábado, 20 de outubro de 2007

CLIENT CAPTURE

A "captura" do auditor por parte do cliente (entidade objecto da auditoria) ocorre quando a relação entre o auditor e o cliente é tão próxima que a objectividade do auditor é afectada.

Isto pode ser consequência de o auditor ser o responsável da auditoria a esse cliente há bastante tempo que os sentimentos de confiança e familiaridade excluem o cepticismo que é tão fundamental numa auditoria efectiva.

A "captura" pelo cliente pode também surgir quando o auditor acredita que a sua remuneração está dependente da satisfação dos interesses da gestão do cliente, podendo ser levado a emitir uma opinião inapropriada.

São apontadas como formas de evitar esta "captura" a rotação obrigatória do auditor (por exemplo, de 5 em 5 anos), existir uma forte formação ética e a revisão interna da qualidade das auditorias.

Fonte: Financial Reporting Council (2006), "Promoting Audit Quality - Discussion Paper"

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